Cross Cultural Dynamics Is A Transformative And Dynamic...

Course Learning Journal The course, Cross-Cultural Dynamics, is a transformative and dynamic program at Oxford Graduate School that prepares students to meet the 21st-century challenges of diversity in cultures to impact both global and national workforce, organizations, and political institutions. The program also incorporates religion, especially Christianity as an enduring and possibly inexorable factor, fostering growth and understanding within and across cultures, values, norms and traditions to promote communication and peace worldwide. This trend is closely aligned with philosophical issues of humanity, beginning with the historical precedence set by Jesus working within and across varied cultures, reconciling the ills of the world with the laws of God that not only peace must abound but that salvation is assured for all who believe in the Word of God. The principal elements of the course consist of cross-cultural work that deals with complex worldviews on human relations, communicating the Gospel in a complex and changing demography, and cross-cultural framework built on the integration of theological, biblical, and philosophical concepts on a global and postmodern society. The program was both thought-provoking and worthwhile. It sublimes Oxford Graduate School’s philosophy of incorporating â€Å"religion and society† through the various disciplines of adult learners â€Å"to transform the family, church, and community worldwide.† Moreover, the core curriculum at OxfordShow MoreRelatedCultural Competency Definitions8081 Words   |  33 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY DEFINITIONS – A paper to inform development of Cultural Competency Framework for First Nations and Aboriginal Peoples of British Columbia, Canada Cultural Definitions in health care – what does it all mean? There are many definitions and iterations of culture in health care – all with different meanings but many with overlaps. In order to develop a Cultural competency framework, it will be important for stakeholders to agree on what ‘cultural competency’ means and the differencesRead MoreCan the Subaltern Speak9113 Words   |  37 Pagesplaced it (FD, 215). An undifferentiated desire is the agent, and power slips in to create the effects of desire: power ... produces positive effects at the level of desire-and also at the level of knowledge (PK, 59). This parasubjective matrix, cross-hatched with heterogeneity, ushers in the unnamed Subject, at least for those intellectual workers influenced by the new hegemony of desire. The race for the last instance is now between economics and power. Because desire is tacitly defined on anRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Social Aspects Of Miss Emily - 901 Words

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner examines the social aspects of Miss Emily’s life. Miss Emily is an antisocial older woman who separates herself from the rest of society. There are different reasons that may have cause her to become the person she is, such as her father’s death, society, and culture change. Miss Emily’s dad passes away in the beginning of the story. It is obvious that she still looks up and admires her dad. â€Å"On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily’s father† (5). Miss Emily Grierson is happier and social when her dad is alive. Death can lead to depression of love ones and that is what Miss Grierson is suffering from. Thus, affecting her social life with the other townspeople. She simply wants to be alone and do not want to get close with other people in the town except this one guy, Homer Barron that she meets. She is afraid of death. She is also afraid of getting cl ose to someone and that person leaving her behind. An example is when she goes to the store to buy a deadly poison to kill Homer Barron (a man she gets attach to, growing a relationship with) and locks him up in one of her rooms, so he can never leave her (Faulkner 45-60). Since her father’s death, she feels as if she has to keep the Grierson’s name and reputation. â€Å"She carried her head high enough†¦as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson† (33). Miss Emily is in a different social class than others.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1143 Words   |  5 PagesHe writes a lot of novels about reality and social issues that most American writers left in the dark. Faulkner has been awarded many Nobel Prizes, but in 1949 Faulkner was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature. 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Effects of Global Communication on Westernization Free Essays

Introduction Analysis of the explosion in international exchanges is mainly focused on the impact of globalization and between the peoples of the world economic aspects of the cultural exchanges between the expenditure. Americanization of globalization is another termGeneral pattern of media ownership that is west led by the United States to dominate the information the major media and entertainment sectors in international flows. But what is such a global way flow of information and entertainment on the national and regional media culture shockSome people believe that the international communication and media are lead to cultural homogenization, but the global / national / local interaction model may be more complex. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Global Communication on Westernization or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Montana, et al., 2008) Globalization of western culture As detailed in the previous course of global communications hardware and software industry is owned by a few multinational corporations, especially those based in the United States. So, first we study the Americanization. Westernization Westernization is a non-Western society that â€Å"Western culture† in the industrial, technological, legal, political, economic, lifestyle, diet, language, alphabet, culture, religion or values deal with the impact of these things. Westernization has been in the past few years the popularity of the world and accelerates the impact. It is usually a two-sided process, that Western influence and interests of their society by the impact of a change on the hope that at least in part to a more Westernized society in the realization of certain aspects of Western life or hope. Westernization can also be involved in the process of acculturation. Acculturation refers to the change in a society or culture; there will be two different groups of direct continuous contact. After exposure, the changes in cultural patterns in one or both of the culture are obvious. (Barnlund, 2008) In popular speech, Westernization can also refer to Western expansion and colonialism on the local society. For example, the local people who have used European languages and customs of the characteristics of the West is known as assimilation or westernization. Westernization may be forced or voluntary depending on the exposure circumstances. Domination, destruction, resistance, survival, adaptation, and the local culture may follow different degrees of modification interethnic contact. In one case, the experience of local culture as a more powerful outsiders damage caused by a â€Å"shock period† is often the result from the encounter. This is the shock stage, particularly in relation to colonial expansion or the interaction between characteristics of the times. In the shock phase, civil repression of the use of force may lead to cultural collapse, or ethnic and cultural extinction, this is a culture of physical extinction. The effects of global communication and how it develops Hundreds of years ago, when the ship began to explore the world, they may never have thought, people can contact each other too quickly and easily in the 21st century. First of all, we want to know it is a global communications: it is sending and receiving information of a worldwide process. Like a full one on different areas (economic, educational, cultural, business, science, technology and politics.) country’s national communication, but today, global communications has greatly changed, it is increasingly faster, more convenient, more effective. (Kottak Phillip, 2005) In the past, it is difficult to obtain enough information on other countries of the world. Is there a link for each countryMost of the country has just co-operation with neighbouring countries. However, it really put their communication time. Because of the distance and low-technology, global communication is very limited. With the technology, significant changes have taken place, based on the invention of cell phones and computers where a dedicated global communications. They communicate a very important global role; they are widely used in the life of the people now in the application. Development of technology is driving the global spread of growth to change people’s lives. People can keep in touch with each other mobile phones and computers, even though they live in different countries. Synchronous communication links to provide the people easy and fast way. In addition, people can acquire knowledge through the computer. We can better understand the world, we can know in our midst, what in the world on a daily basis, we can know everything, and we should know our stuff to learn, the fastest, we can do. (Velkley Richard, 2002) There have been advances in global communications, in cultural, economic and political globalization as a high-tech bridge to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation between each country. We have more opportunities and easy way to understand the culture of other countries, on the basis of their culture, its benefits; we have further cooperation with them to do business. With the cooperation of all ethnic groups in politics, no doubt played the entire country’s stability and development of an increasingly important role. The growing high-tech, global communication in the past decade has brought changes of globalization. As the international business of this kind, its development speed is very fast. Some of the large companies from the developing countries are opening up new factories in developing countries. They are not only to promote cooperation among countries, but also increase local employment. It can also be ordered from the network products in the domestic and foreign. Their military practice is good for world peace. In addition, there are many regional and international organizations, ASEAN (the Association of Southeast Asian), the European Union, the Arab League, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization. While some organizations have long ago discovered that they have developed rapidly and in recent years played an important role in globalization. In short, the development of high-tech, global communication has been great progress today. It into a new era, knowledge, an d we are full of opportunities. It makes the whole world is one family. (Berghahn Volker, 2010) However, this concept is misleading, one-way impact of linear and homogeneous medium. Technical effect is always the community mediation and construction. Each new technology must find in social life, a cultural space, in order to have any meaningful social relations impact. In the media, in technology ranging from the simplest to the most complex, easy access at any time from the unique situation of the small elite, the effects are even more complex and ambiguous. Macromedia, the distinction between the concept of media and micro media may illustrate this point. Communications (satellite, mainframe computers, the Internet, its branches, the World Wide Web) and Macromedia appears to be agents of globalization. Through global satellite and computer networks, cross-border data flows, scientific and professional e-mail, commercial advertisements, Macromedia is supporting the national market, social and cultural globalization. In view of communication (print, film, radio) media are mainly government or pressure groups in their control function, so in short-term national integ agents in most cases, high technology, and the development of global communications have made great progress today. It goes into a new era, knowledge, we are full of opportunity. It makes the whole world is one family. (Chapman Roger, 2009) However, this concept is misleading, one-way impact of linear and homogeneous medium. Technology has been the effect of community mediation and construction. Each new technology must find in social life, a cultural space, in order to have any meaningful social impact. In the media, from the simplest to the most complex, at any time from the unique circumstances of the elite when the easy access technology, its impact is even more complex and ambiguous. Macromedia, the media between the media and the concept of micro-, may explain this difference. Communications (satellite, mainframe computers, the Internet, its affiliates, the World Wide Web), and Macromedia appears to be the agents of globalization. Through global satellite and computer networks, cross-border data flow, scientific and professional e-mail, commercial advertisements, Macromedia is supporting the national market, social and cultural globalization. Micro-communications (telephone, copiers, stereos, VCRs, music tapes and personal computer) in the power of the major media have given the centrifugal force of the external object. All three types of media, but through close government, market and civil society, social network connected. If there is no historical and cultural background in the specific circumstances of social and political functions, therefore, influence the media largely mysterious and incomprehensible. (Nadeem Macaulay, 2009) English as a global language Modern English is sometimes referred to as the global lingua franca. English is the major in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, broadcasting and the international language of diplomacy. The impact of the British Empire is a language far beyond the British Isles, the initial transmission, the main reason. After World War II, the growing economic and cultural influence of the United States has been greatly accelerated by the British. Working knowledge of English is required in some areas, professional and vocational. More than one billion people as a result of the English-speaking at least a basic level (see English language learning and teaching.) English is one of six United Nations official languages. English, computer science and the world because English is so widely used, it is often referred to as a, Auglobal language, the African Union, the common language of our times. Although English is not the official language in most countries, this is the most frequently around the world, the language of second language teaching. (Fitzpatrick Michael, 2008) Some linguists [attribution needed] that it is no longer exclusive, Aunative English speakers, the AU and cultural symbols, but a language, it absorbs all kinds of culture around the world and will continue to grow. It is by international treaties, air and sea traffic official language, and the European Union, the United Nations, one of the official languages and the most international, including the International Olympic Organizing Committee for the English language is the language most often studied as European Union foreign language ( 89% of students), France (32%), Germany (18%) and Spain (8%), followed. In non-English speaking countries, a large part of the population claim to be able to speak English, the Netherlands (87%), Sweden (85%), Denmark (83%), Luxembourg (66%), Finland (60%), Slovenia (56%), Austria (53%), Belgium (52%), and Germany (51%). Norway and Iceland also have charge of the majority of English speakers. In addition, the younger generation in these countries, English is close to 100%. [Edit] books, magazines, newspapers, and in English in many countries around the world. English is the most commonly used language in science. In 1997, the Science Citation Index reported that 95% of the articles are written in English, even if only half of the country from the English came. (Steger Manfred, 2009) Conclusion The spread of the global communications technology, such as internet, has lead to the above mentioned changes and westernization in countries around the globe. Due to all this adaptation of the western culture by the people living around the globe, there is a growing threat of people completely moving to giving up their own cultures to completely transform to the western cultures. References Baluska, F.; Marcuso, Stefano; Volkmann, Dieter. Communication in plants: neuronal aspects of plant life. Taylor Francis US. (2006). p. 19. Barnlund, D. C. A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.), Communication theory. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction. (2008). Berghahn, Volker R. The debate on ‘Americanization’ among economic and cultural historians, Cold War History, Vol. 10 Issue 1. (2010). pp 107–130 Chapman, Roger. Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices, Volume 1. (2009). Fitzpatrick, Michael. Body art blunders. The Guardian (London). (2008). Kottak, Phillip. Window on Humanity. New York: McGraw-Hill. (2005). Montana, Patrick J, Charnov, Bruce H. Management. 4th ed. New York. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. (2008). Pg 333. Nadeem, S, Macaulay’s. (Cyber) Children: The Cultural Politics of Outsourcing in India. Cultural Sociology. (2009). Steger, Manfred. Globalization. New York: Sterling Publishing. (2009). Velkley, Richard. The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy. Being after Rousseau: Philosophy and Culture in Question. The University of Chicago Press. (2002). pp. 11–30 How to cite Effects of Global Communication on Westernization, Essay examples

Double Edge Sword Essay Research Paper Double free essay sample

Double Edge Sword Essay, Research Paper Double Edge Sword After the civil war, we had 1000s upon 1000s of people looking for the # 8220 ; American Dream # 8221 ; , and Horace Greeley, who stated the celebrated words # 8220 ; Go west immature adult male # 8221 ; , helped to get down the great migration westward. There was plentifulness of inexpensive land West of the Mississippi, and gold was foud in the West, merely waiting for those who could acquire at that place. The migration finally interfered with the Native Americans, which changed their manner of life everlastingly. Many hapless psyches tried to do it in the West at raising cowss, agriculture, and excavation, but failed. Ther was besides those who made it large with new innovations, difficult work and tonss of fortune. The Native Americans were populating on a valuable plus called land, and the authorities was looking to spread out their territoty to the West. However, the U.S. had to make something with the Native Americans, so they strated to make reserve in hope to avoid land wars between the Native Americans and the new colonists. Tribes were congregated on little reserves ; each folks had their ain civilization and this caused clash among each other. Not to advert, there was already conflicts traveling on with their authorities health professionals. Futhermore, there were church-run embarkation schools, which took the kids off from theirr parents, so they could learnn the White adult male # 8217 ; s manner of life and that merely added to their emphasis. Ultimately, many of the Native Americans died due to conflicts, disease, and the mistreatment on the reserves. For illustration, the Sand Creek slaughter where 450 peaceable Indains were slaughtered. For those who survived, their lives change d everlastingly. In the name of advancement, we took their land and shattered their civilization by seeking to convey them into American # 8217 ; s manner of life. The husbandmans, who migrated due west, found themsevles in a unusual land it was nil that they were used to. The land was level, dry praisie grass, and for the most portion treeless. They had to larn how to biuld sod places, and utilize buffalo french friess for fuel. Planting their harvests was besides hard ; thhe plow they hhad would snarl in the difficult prohibitionist land, and the prairie grass roots were imbedded profoundly into the dirt. They had other jobs. like money, most of them were profoundly in debt due to the high monetary values of goods, and their piece of lands of land were non big plenty to be self-sufficing. In add-on, Mother Nature was really difficult on them with drouths, venue, and grass fires that led to harvest failures. Many of them had to work for other ranchers to do ends meet or travel back to the metropolis and seek to happen a occupation. There come a clip when things strated to look up for the husbandmans. New machines and the railway were heading t heir manner. A adult male name James Oliver invented a plough called the # 8220 ; farmer # 8221 ; that could plough through the tough dirt of the Greaat Plains and interrupt up the obstinate prairie grass roots. Others new innovations that helped the husbandman were the plantation owners and threshingg machines, yet this put many husbandmans deeper in debt, and the little husbandmans could afford them. The railway help the husbandmans by conveying them lumber and other goods, which in many instances they could non acquire otherwise. When the civil war had ended, there was a deficit of cowss, and there were 1000000s of Texas Longhorns rolling free in the West. Many people saw this as a great chance to do large money. Cowboys set out excessively round-up the cowss. Then they would drive them to the Missouri-Pacific railway and direct the cowss east. On the cattle thrusts there were some troubles due to cattle cattle thiefs waiting to assail and holding to travel around farming areas. Cowtowns started starting up across the West every bit far every bit Montana as the railway expanded. The first cow town was in Kansas and the adult male who started it was J. McCory. He bought 250 estates and so he built a stockyard, barn, office edifice, hotel, and bank. Thingss were looking up for the cowss industry, but thhey still had cowss that were died or sick by the clip they reach the East Coast. To repair the job the railway came up with the refrigerated auto, so the cow mans could butcher the cowss before transportation, and ship the beef to the East Coast without spoilage. The cowss were kept on unfastened scope for sometime, until the â€Å"barbed wire wars† started. Ffarmers were intudung on the scope to do their homesteads, as clip went on the cow mans started associations to maintain people off their al ready overstock lands. Then the sheep came on the scene and started to destruct the graze land. This started the scope wars between the husbandmans, shepherds, and cow mans. The new about happening gold rang out across the U.S. and people from all walks of life made a huffy elan to the West to interest their claims. Largely work forces lived in these cantonments and it was a unsmooth topographic point to populate. They had unequal shelter, nutrient and it was frequently violent. Many of them died or they tried to do their interest and return place to the E as fast as they could. Hawhers had moved into the cantonments such as, saloonkeepers, ladies of the dark, criminal, and other indelicate characters, which is manner the lynch jurisprudence justness was off of life for the clip being. After awhile, jurisprudence and order came into drama and excavation became a corporate businenss, so the independent mineworker eitherstarted to work for the corporation or they moved on to something else. These little excavation cantonments shortly became booming towns. After the gold haste in 1849, people started to demand for the transcontinental railway connexions, and influential people were experiencing the presser. The Union Pacific railway was started during the civil war, and the Federal authorities gave land grants to the railway companies to assist them along. As the tracks move westward the husbandmans and cow mans prosper and the transcontinental railway was join in May 10, 1869, to finish the coast-to-coast connexion. Now people and goods could go faster from east to west and they could go safer. However, by the 1870 # 8217 ; s people had gotten worried about the sum of power and certain patterns of the railway companies. Ther came a clip when railway committees with regulative powers started and the U.S. Supreme Court started the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate regulations upon the railwaies. Great Progress was made during the 19th century. If non for the discovert of gold, it likely would hold taken longer to finish the transcontinental railway. The districts would non hold become States every bit promptly as they were, and Native Americans would hold been left entirely for the clip being. If non for the husbandmans homesteading in the Great Plains, some innovations may hold been invented, like the # 8220 ; farmer # 8221 ; . The demand for cowss in the E made it possible for the refrigerated autos, and the cow towns. However, if non for the railraods would any of these things be possible? Progress is like a dual border blade, and it will cut both ways. We have to be careful non to be cut to deeply by greed.

Ethics in Health Administration

As Morrison (2005), notes in his book entitled, â€Å"Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers,† the word autonomy is derived from the theories that were studied in the first chapter of the book. In this case, the exploration of the principle of autonomy will be in regards to its application in the field of healthcare.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Health Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Morrison (2005), autonomy covers four main areas in the healthcare profession. The areas covered by autonomy include autonomy as an informed consent, autonomy as confidentiality, autonomy as truth telling, and autonomy as fidelity. All these areas are important for a healthcare administrator because they provide a basis on which the administrator can advocate for better services in the healthcare profession. To begin with, the first area of autonomy i s known as autonomy as an informed consent. According to Morrison (2005), for this principle of autonomy to take effect, there must be a condition, which must be satisfied. The condition is that free will or choice of an individual ought to receive protection at all times. Therefore, in a healthcare setting, individuals can make choices that may be contrary to the healthcare practitioner’s will. For this reason, the role of the healthcare administrator will be to ensure that all the physicians in the organizations respect the choices made by the patients regarding treatment and other important factors pertaining the health of the patient. No physician would embark on any remedial procedures on a patient before obtaining written permission from the patient. The principle of confidentiality is the second area of autonomy. According to Morrison (2005), confidentiality means to keep the information regarding a patient’s identity, medical history and their family background secret. It is very important for healthcare practitioners to keep their patient’s information private. However, some instances may require the health practitioner to disclose information about a patient in order for the patient to obtain the right treatment. In such conditions, the health practitioner may disclose only the information required to carry out proper treatment. However, the health practitioner must obtain consent from the patient (Morrison, 2005). Therefore, as a healthcare administrator, one ought to ensure that healthcare practitioners receive proper training on how to keep their patients information private. When the achievement of this goal takes place, the healthcare profession will receive a high rating and this will increase the patients’ confidence in the healthcare systems.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third principle of autonomy is a utonomy as truth telling. Telling the truth is very important in the healthcare profession. It is very important that the healthcare practitioners tell the patients the truth (Morrison, 2005). At times, the truth may be difficult to relay to the patient because of the emotional reactions it may evoke. Therefore, the healthcare administrators must ensure that the health practitioners must always tell the truth to the patient in order to gain the patients’ trust and loyalty. Finally, the last principle of autonomy is known as autonomy as fidelity. In this principle, one learns that it is very important for the physicians to keep their word to not only the patients but also the employees in the organization (Morrison, 2005). All healthcare administrators should ensure that they fulfill the promises that they give to the patients and the employees as well. This enhances the trust between the parties involved and as a result, the healthcare profession acquires more trust and relia bility from the stakeholders. In conclusion, autonomy involves four main principles, which include autonomy as informed consent, autonomy as confidentiality, autonomy as truth telling, and autonomy as fidelity. It is therefore evident that autonomy does not only involve choice but it also incorporates other vital factors. The healthcare administrators have an important role of ensuring that all the four principles of autonomy take effect in the healthcare organizations. Therefore, through advocacy means such as training and policy formulation, the healthcare administrators ensure that the healthcare systems are trustworthy and reliable. Reference Morrison, E. (2005). Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers. This essay on Ethics in Health Administration was written and submitted by user Stick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Ethics in Health Administration

Reaction Paper on Revolution Open Source Essays

Reaction Paper on Revolution Open Source Essays Reaction Paper on Revolution Open Source Paper Reaction Paper on Revolution Open Source Paper A really great movie and very approachable. It helped me in understanding the real meaning of open source. Before I thought that Open Source means that the software is for free and it kept me wondering how software companies would benefit from it. After watching the movie I clearly understand that Open Source software Is not purely for free. Open Source means that the source code will be available for users where they can modify or correct a bug that they can share to others. With these Open Source quickly releases numerous version modified and personalized by the rogrammers community. It doesnt matter if youve never heard of Richard Stallman or dont know what a kernel Is. Certainly the filmmakers didnt entirely know the history before starting the movie, it doesnt take itself too seriously, and it did not focus only in the open source movements success or failure. What I like the most in the movie Is the story of the founding father of the Free Software Association/ GNU movement Richard Stallman on what he believe and how he conceptualized and eventually succeeded in his GNU movement. His idea Is about having free software nd forming a community where people can share what they learn from playing with the free software is the main reason why Open Source is having its success. He somewhat stated that it Is human nature to share, Meanwhile Linus Torvalds and other people who have believed in the idea of Richard Stallman it also human nature to gain profits for what they are doing. To me this documentary somewhat inspire me to work harder in school because if these little people contributed huge ideas about Open Source so I am. I dont want to be just another Information Technology graduate.

Legal Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Legal Brief - Assignment Example In addition, Sullivan accused four black ministers named in the advertisement of erroneously accusing the police actions on protesters in Alabama. The New York Times said the suit was a way of intimidating new publishing houses, and a way of averting them from exposing unlawful actions of workers in relation to the segregation. Sullivan won the case in the trial court. The famous case of New York Times vs. Sullivan was a cry of the black people about the segregation and liberty of speech. The laws state that ‘A municipal official litigating for libel must attest that the statement in question was made with actual malevolence, rather than ordinary sense of malicious intent’ (Justia.com). Assuming that Sullivan was acting on behalf of the Alabama state and the police department of Alabama, the key issue here is, ‘Does the suing of a newspaper and black ministers who are attempting to end segregation qualify for defamation suit? Additionally, a key issue here is, ‘What constitutes actual malice, and what are the standards of speech freedom or defamation? The court ruled in favor of the New York Times as the Alabama court laws were found to be deficient. This is because there was failure to provide confines to speech defamation and freedom (Justia.com). The United States Supreme Court states clearly that the facts provided by Alabama court, even if presented under the preserve of verbal communication, were still inefficient constitutionally in the case of Sullivan (Packard, 241). The law states’ proof of actual malice was necessary in order for compensation to be honored (Justia.com). There were no dissidents as all the judges were for the ruling in favor of New York Times. The consequences of the United States verdict in favor of New York Times led to new organizations writing and reporting freely about civil rights violations, and the